03-07-2007, 08:11 PM
WARNING ... LOOONG thread ... but hopefully well worth reading ...:love::read:
Good afternoon ... now evening ... my dear brothers and sisters ...:D:grouphug:
How beautiful it is to be among such loving and spiritually minded servants of God and followers of Christ Jesus!!:ok::cheer:
With the Memorial of Christ's death approaching ever nearer I thought it might be good to go over an important aspect that most of JW's are sadly ...:crybaby: not aware of ... and what that means for them ...
So ...
WAS Judas Iscariet there for the celebration of the New Covenant arrangement that Jesus inaugerated on his last Passover among us ... and what does it MEAN if he WAS there ...?
First of all one might ask ... is knowing whether Judas was there or not really important? The ultimate answer to that question is a resounding ... YES!!
But as Jehovah's Witnesses, why is there any confusion as to whether he was there or not? Isn't it CLEAR that he was NOT there? Does not our literature teach that is so? And is our literature not based on the BIBLE, Jehovah God's Holy Inspired Word?
We are counseled to MAKE SURE of ALL things ... and to HOLD FAST to what is FINE as is mentioned in 1 Thess.5:21 ...
21 Make sure of all things; hold fast to what is fine.
Various other Bible translations use the word 'good' ... based on the original Greek word kalos which means according to Strong's ...
of uncertain aff.; prop. beautiful, but chiefly (fig.) good (lit. or mor.), i.e. valuable or virtuous :- x better, fair, good (-ly), honest, meet, well, worthy.
Therefore, in order to MAKE SURE of that ALL that we believe is SOLIDLY based on GOD'S WORD ... a word that is GOOD and HONEST and one that we seek to HOLD FAST or HOLD TIGHT on to ... it may be good to examine a bit more closely the question as to whether Judas was present at the institution of the new covenant.
First of all, let us examine what Jehovah's Witnesses are taught and then compare that to with what is written in God's Word ...
If one were to ask any one of Jehovah's Witnesses if Judas was present they would unhesitatingly answer ... OF COURSE NOT ... he was DISMISSED BEFORE the new covenant was celebrated. It was only the FAITHFUL ELEVEN that that partook.
Some articles to back up their thinking would be articles such as ...
w58 7/15 p. 445 par. 17 Beware that You Do Not Lose Your Place!
17 “No man that has put his hand to a plow and looks at the things behind is well fitted for the kingdom of God.†Thus Jesus stated an important principle, namely, it is endurance that wins. Endurance is required of all those who will retain their place in the New World society. “He that has endured to the finish is the one that will be saved.†“Prove yourself faithful even with the danger of death, and I will give you the crown of life.†(Luke 9:62; Matt. 24:13; Rev. 2:10) We once accepting the responsibilities that go with a theocratic appointment, faithfully sticking to that assignment is required. Never be a quitter, for quitters are disapproved by Jehovah and are removed from their places of appointment. Demas was such a quitter, one who forsook his theocratic privileges, simply because “he loved the present system of things.†Judas Iscariot was another quitter and he lost all hope of a return to a place of life. It was after this unfaithful one had been dismissed from the last passover meal that Jesus said to the remaining faithful eleven: “You are the ones that have stuck with me in my trials; and I make a covenant with you, just as my Father has made a covenant with me, for a kingdom.†Since covenant breakers and those “false to agreements,†as quitters, “are deserving of death,†covenant keeping becomes an all-important matter.—2 Tim. 4:10; Luke 22:28, 29; Rom. 1:31, 32.
One thing you may take note of in this particular article is that it is NOT the 'new covenant' that is being spoken of here ... but RATHER ... the KINGDOM COVENANT ... a DIFFERENT covenant for a DIFFERENT purpose!
w98 2/1 p. 8 par. 2 Jehovah Is a God of Covenants
2 It was at this time that, after dismissing Judas Iscariot, Jesus instituted the only annual religious observance commanded for Christians—the Memorial of his death. The record says: “As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant,†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins.’†(Matthew 26:26-28) Jesus’ followers were to memorialize his death in a simple, dignified manner. And Jesus referred to a covenant in connection with his death. In the account in Luke, it is called “the new covenant.â€â€”Luke 22:20.
In this particular article it now is talking about the NEW COVENANT and again reaffirming that Judas WAS dismissed.
w68 10/1 p. 596 Maintaining Balance in Human Relationships
A NEW COMMANDMENT
18 Later, after washing his apostles’ feet and dismissing Judas Iscariot, Jesus again drew attention to the example that he had set, saying to the eleven remaining ones: “I am giving you a new commandment, that you love one another; just as I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this all will know that you are my disciples, if you have love among yourselves.†(John 13:34, 35) As circumcised Jews under the Law covenant, the apostles were already under the command to love their neighbors as themselves. (Matt. 22:39; Lev. 19:18) But now Jesus said that his true followers would be recognized by their demonstrating a more extensive, superior love—in imitation of his example.
Again this article speaks about Judas being dismissed after the apostles feet were washed.
w51 1/15 p. 44 par. 3 “The Lord’s Evening Mealâ€
3 The cup of Jehovah and the table of Jehovah are spoken of in connection with the Lord’s evening meal. Likely you call it “the Lord’s supperâ€. (1 Cor. 11:20) This name designates the special meal which the Lord Jesus set up among his loyal followers on the night in which he was betrayed by Judas Iscariot. One of Jesus’ followers, the apostle Paul, gives it this name in his letter to the Corinthians. Calling attention to their disorderliness about the matter, he writes: “Therefore, when you come together to one place, it is not possible to eat the Lord’s evening meal. . . . For I received from the Lord that which I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was going to be handed over took a loaf and, after giving thanks, he broke it and said: ‘This means my body which is in your behalf. Keep doing this in remembrance of me.’ He did likewise respecting the cup also, after he had the evening meal, saying: ‘This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood. Keep doing this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.’ For as often as you eat this loaf and drink this cup, you keep proclaiming the death of the Lord, until he arrives.â€â€”1 Cor. 11:20-26, NW; also Moffatt’s translation.
By this article saying that only Jesus' LOYAL FOLLOWERS were present for this special meal, the new covenant, would again affirm that Judas, who everyone knows was NOT LOYAL couldn't have been present.
w56 1/15 pp. 48-49 “The Table of Demons†versus “The Table of Jehovahâ€
“THE LORD’S EVENING MEALâ€
14 Four of Jesus’ disciples, Matthew, Mark, Luke and Paul, give us detailed descriptions of what took place then. Matthew was personally there as one of the twelve apostles. Paul received his information about it “from the Lord†by direct revelation. (1 Cor. 11:20, 23) All the accounts differ somewhat in language and in some details, but all unitedly establish the main features. As a faithful Jew according to the flesh, Jesus gave instructions for celebrating the passover at Jerusalem, the holy city where Jehovah had placed his name. (Deut. 16:1-7) With whom did Jesus celebrate this his last passover that night? Not as in previous years with his family, that is, with Mary his earthly mother and with her sons, Jesus’ half brothers. Of course, she and her sons were at Jerusalem for the passover, for the next afternoon Mary was at the torture stake on which Jesus was hanged and he talked to her from it. Her other sons had doubtless brought her up to Jerusalem for the passover. However, as passover celebration groups at Jerusalem were small, generally about ten, Jesus arranged to celebrate this final passover with his twelve apostles. At the table he said to them: “I have greatly desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer; for I tell you, I will not eat it again until it becomes fulfilled in the kingdom of God.†(Luke 22:15, 16, NW) So Jesus had something special in mind for this passover night. What? The setting up of a new supper or evening meal for them.
15 Here is how it proceeded and what Jesus said, according to Matthew, who was there: “As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. But I tell you, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father.’ Finally, after singing praises, they went out to the mount of Olives.â€â€”Matt. 26:26-30, NW.
Now what I find interesting about this particular article is that they leave out the account in JOHN ... also it mentions 12 apostles ... and DOESN'T mention that Judas was dismissed before this special meal began!
w52 2/15 p. 103 par. 8 The Memorial—Are You Entitled to Partake?
8 “And the disciples did as Jesus ordered them, and they got things ready for the passover. When, now, it had become evening, he was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples. . . . As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. But I tell you, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father.’â€â€”Matt. 26:19-29, NW; Mark 14:22-25, Mo.
Again, we see another reference to 12 DISCIPLES being present when the memorial, the new covenant, was instituted by Christ!
w98 2/1 p. 8 Jehovah Is a God of Covenants
Jehovah Is a God of Covenants
“I will conclude with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah a new covenant.â€â€”JEREMIAH 31:31.
ON THE night of Nisan 14, 33 C.E., Jesus celebrated the Passover with his 12 apostles. Since he knew that this would be his final meal with them and that he would soon die at the hands of his enemies, Jesus took advantage of the occasion to explain many important matters to his closest disciples.—John 13:1–17:26.
2 It was at this time that, after dismissing Judas Iscariot, Jesus instituted the only annual religious observance commanded for Christians—the Memorial of his death. The record says: “As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant,†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins.’†(Matthew 26:26-28) Jesus’ followers were to memorialize his death in a simple, dignified manner. And Jesus referred to a covenant in connection with his death. In the account in Luke, it is called “the new covenant.â€â€”Luke 22:20.
This article again reiterates that Judas was dismissed BEFORE the new covenant 'meal' was ate.
w81 4/1 pp. 9-10 Celebrating the Death of the Greatest Man Ever on Earth
Later that same day Jesus’ death on an execution stake and the interment of his corpse in a garden tomb took place. Like the Passover lamb eaten by his apostles the night before, he had died, but not a bone of his body had been broken. (Ex. 12:46; Ps. 34:20) The faithful apostles had been put under obligation to celebrate his death annually on Passover day. After having fulfilled his own obligation under Jewish law of observing the Passover supper with his apostles, Jesus at once instituted among them something to commemorate his death. It came to be called the Lord’s Supper, or Evening Meal. The inspired account of Jesus’ instituting the new supper reads:
“As they continued eating [the Passover supper], Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant,†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. But I tell you, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father.’ Finally, after singing praises, they went out to the Mount of Olives.â€â€”Matt. 26:26-30.
In connection with the Passover supper, Jesus had dismissed the traitorous disciple, Judas Iscariot.
This article shows that it was only FAITHFUL ONES who celebrated and again spells out clearly that the 'traitorous (clearly not faithful) Judas was dimissed'.
w72 11/15 p. 685 par. 21 Producing the Chief Agent of Divine Rulership
He now set up what is called the Lord’s Supper, and when he handed out the cup of wine to his faithful apostles he said: “This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in your behalf.†(Luke 22:20) Jesus shed his own blood to validate that covenant.
And once more we see that it was only the FAITHFUL APOSTLES who celebrated the 'new coveant' with their Lord and Master, Christ Jesus.
So, with ALL this "EVIDENCE", and with Scriptures being used, it should be CLEAR and without ANY DOUBT that we should ACCURATELY conclude that Judas WASN'T there ...
However, it BEHOOVES us to go to the SOURCE ... JEHOVAH HIMSELF ... to MAKE SURE ...
Let us go back to that sad, and yet important night of Nisan 14, 33 C.E. and see how events unfolded by COMPARING the various accounts in Matthew, Mark, Luke ... AND ...John, some of whom add different details as the night progresses.
One very important thing in doing this comparison is to realize that one of the writers, Luke, wrote the events in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, in the successive order that the events occurred so that WE would KNOW what happened and WHEN it happened on that fateful night. Luke is also the ONLY one of the four gospels to speak about the THREE covenants that were celebrated that night ... the OLD LAW COVENANT (original passover), the NEW COVENANT ... and the KINGDOM COVENANT.
Luke 1:3,4 says of this ...
3 I resolved also, because I have traced all things from the start with accuracy, to write them in logical order to you, most excellent The·oph′i·lus, 4 that you may know fully the certainty of the things that you have been taught orally.
The Greek word used for 'logical order' is kathexes and means as it says in Strong's ...
thereafter, i.e., consecutively; as a noun (by ellip. of noun) a subsequent person or time:- after (-ward), by (in) order.
also taken from the Greek word hexes which means ...
(in the sens of taking hold of, i.e. adjoining); successive:- after, following, x morrow, next
Just to be CLEAR ...
The dictionary meaning for the word 'consecutive' is ...
Following in uninterrupted succession; successive; Characterized by logical sequence.
The dictionary meaning for the word 'successive' is ...
Following in sequence; consecutive
So, now, let us start off with how the evening BEGAN ...
Matt. 26:20 ...
20 When, now, it had become evening, he was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples.
Mark 14:17...
17 After evening had fallen he came with the twelve.
Luke 22:14-17 ...
14 At length when the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them: “I have greatly desired to eat this passover with YOU before I suffer; 16 for I tell YOU, I will not eat it again until it becomes fulfilled in the kingdom of God.†17 And, accepting a cup, he gave thanks and said: “Take this and pass it from one to the other among yourselves; 18 for I tell YOU, From now on I will not drink again from the product of the vine until the kingdom of God arrives.â€
Here we see the PASSOVER being celebrated by the 12 apostles ...
IMMEDIATELY AFTER the passover celebration Jesus instituted the celebration of the NEW COVENANT ... and this is even in harmony with one of earlier quoted Watchtower articles ...
w81 4/1 pp. 9-10 Celebrating the Death of the Greatest Man Ever on Earth
After having fulfilled his own obligation under Jewish law of observing the Passover supper with his apostles, Jesus at once instituted among them something to commemorate his death. It came to be called the Lord’s Supper, or Evening Meal.
Now here is where it begins to get INTERESTING ... when you are trying to sort it out ... a MAJOR bit of PRAYER will HELP here ...
Since LUKE is written in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER ... I thought it would perhaps be best to put what comes NEXT here so you can see the WHEN events occurred in more concise manner ... (hopefully)
This is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT in understanding the TIMING of events on this night and PROVING whether or not Judas was there for the institution of the 'new covenant' ...
Luke 22:19-27 ...
19 Also, he took a loaf, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them, saying: “This means my body which is to be given in YOUR behalf. Keep doing this in remembrance of me.†20 Also, the cup in the same way after they had the evening meal, he saying: “This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in YOUR behalf.
21 “But, look! the hand of my betrayer is with me at the table. 22 Because the Son of man is going his way according to what is marked out; all the same, woe to that man through whom he is betrayed!†23 So they started to discuss among themselves the question of which of them would really be the one that was about to do this.
24 However, there also arose a heated dispute among them over which one of them seemed to be greatest. 25 But he said to them: “The kings of the nations lord it over them, and those having authority over them are called Benefactors. 26 YOU, though, are not to be that way. But let him that is the greatest among YOU become as the youngest, and the one acting as chief as the one ministering. 27 For which one is greater, the one reclining at the table or the one ministering? Is it not the one reclining at the table? But I am in YOUR midst as the one ministering.
Here we see that the new covenant was NOW INSTITUTED by Christ Jesus in verses 19,20 ... and WHO DO WE SEE WAS STILL THERE ...?
Look again at what it says in verse 21 ...
21 “But, look! the hand of my betrayer is with me at the table.
Did you notice that this statement as being said AFTER the new covenant had been FINISHED ...
After Luke records that Jesus says that his 'betrayer', Judas, is WITH THEM at the table after they celebrated the new covenant ... what happens NEXT as is mentioned in verse 23 ...?
23 So they started to discuss among themselves the question of which of them would really be the one that was about to do this.
Now, we can clearly see that it was AFTER the new covenant was celebrated that Jesus had said that one of the disciples would betray him, and that the disciples began asking who among them would do such a thing, they also had an argument about who would be greatest, (an ongoing 'concern' of theirs), he identified the betrayer as the one who would dip his morsel, and Jesus says to Judas that he is the one who would betray him.
Now though ... is this in HARMONY with the OTHER accounts ...?
Now let's take a peek at the other accounts and we can get a wee bit more information that will help to PROVE that Judas was indeed AT the new covenant celebration and celebrated it along with the rest ...
If we go back to Matthew WHEN did this discussion take place about who would be the one to betray Christ Jesus and WHAT did Judas do WITH Jesus and the common bowl ...?
Matt. 26:21-25 ...
21 While they were eating, he said: “Truly I say to YOU, One of YOU will betray me.†22 Being very much grieved at this, they commenced each and every one to say to him: “Lord, it is not I, is it?†23 In reply he said: “He that dips his hand with me in the bowl is the one that will betray me. 24 True, the Son of man is going away, just as it is written concerning him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been finer for him if that man had not been born.†25 By way of reply Judas, who was about to betray him, said: “It is not I, is it, Rabbi?†He said to him: “You yourself said [it].â€
Mark 14:18-21 ...
18 And as they were reclining at the table and eating, Jesus said: “Truly I say to YOU, One of YOU, who is eating with me, will betray me.†19 They started to be grieved and to say to him one by one: “It is not I, is it?†20 He said to them: “It is one of the twelve, who is dipping with me into the common bowl. 21 True, the Son of man is going away, just as it is written concerning him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been finer for that man if he had not been born.â€
John 13:4,21,22,26 ...
4 got up from the evening meal and laid aside his outer garments. And, taking a towel, he girded himself. So, here we see so far that the annual Passover is in progress and ALL of the apostles are with Jesus, sharing the meal together and Jesus makes mention of the fact that ONE of them will betray him.
21 After saying these things, Jesus became troubled in spirit, and he bore witness and said: “Most truly I say to YOU, One of YOU will betray me.†22 The disciples began to look at one another, being at a loss as to which one he was saying [it] about. 23 There was reclining in front of Jesus’ bosom one of his disciples, and Jesus loved him.
26 Therefore Jesus answered: “It is that one to whom I shall give the morsel that I dip.†And so, having dipped the morsel, he took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Is·car′i·ot.
Now since we KNOW Luke was recorded in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER ... and he spoke about the same discussions as Matthew, Mark and John when they wrote about Jesus' betrayer at the table, and the apostles questioning who that betrayer would be as having occurred AFTER the new covenant was celebrated is there another piece we can add to the puzzle to help clear up WHEN Judas left ...
Notice what is said at John 13:26,27 as to the TIMING of WHEN Judas was asked by Christ Jesus to LEAVE and IMMEDIATELY AFTER he did WHAT ...
26 Therefore Jesus answered: “It is that one to whom I shall give the morsel that I dip.†And so, having dipped the morsel, he took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Is·car′i·ot. 27 And after the morsel then Satan entered into the latter. Jesus, therefore, said to him: “What you are doing get done more quickly.â€
And John also helps us to further understand the timing of events and that Judas went out IMMEDIATELY after he received the morsel ... the very morsel that the other writers clearly show he ate during the discussion that took place about the betrayer at the table and who he was to be ... and which discussion took place AFTER the new covenant was inaugurated.
John 13:28-30 ...
28 However, none of those reclining at the table knew for what purpose he said this to him. 29 Some, in fact, were imagining, since Judas was holding the money box, that Jesus was telling him: “Buy what things we need for the festival,†or that he should give something to the poor. 30 Therefore, after he received the morsel, he went out immediately. And it was night.
Now ANOTHER important question to consider is ...
Was there a covenant made between the FAITHFUL apostles and Jesus that Judas was NOT at ...?
Yes indeed!
For going back to Luke 22:28-30 we see ANOTHER covenant mentioned by Christ Jesus.
28 “However, YOU are the ones that have stuck with me in my trials; 29 and I make a covenant with YOU, just as my Father has made a covenant with me, for a kingdom, 30 that YOU may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones to judge the twelve tribes of Israel.
Yes, Judas COULDN'T have been at this institution of the KINGDOM COVENANT ... for he had NOT STUCK WITH JESUS had he ...
Also, of note in the inaugueration of the KINGDOM covenant ... VERY DIFFERENT from the NEW covenant ... do we see the REPASSING of the EMBLEMS ...?
No ... just Jesus making a promise or covenant with his faithful 11 apostles that they would rule with him in his heavenly kingdom.
Yes, the NEW COVENANT was for the FORGIVENESS OF SINS ... while the KINGDOM COVENANT was for ruling kings and priests who would help judge mankind ...
So, WHO desperately needed FORGIVENESS OF SINS ...
Was it not ALL mankind ...? Does not ALL mankind sin ...?
WHO did Jesus DIE FOR ...? Was it for just a chosen few ... the ones who he chose to rule with him in heaven ...? Or was it for ALL of us sinners ... all of those who descended from Adam ... who would be THANKFUL for this sacrifice of Christ Jesus and would put faith in it and in Christ ...?
Matt. 20:28 says of why Jesus came and what his death meant for us ... the shedding of his blood ... the 'blood of the covenant' or the 'new covenant' of which he was mediator between us and Jehovah ...
28 Just as the Son of man came, not to be ministered to, but to minister and to give his soul a ransom in exchange for many.â€
The original Greek for 'many' ... is ALL ... and is translated as such by most other Bibles.
1 Tim. 2:5 ...
5 For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, a man, Christ Jesus, 6 who gave himself a corresponding ransom for all—[this is] what is to be witnessed to at its own particular times.
So now, after sifting through the EVIDENCE ... we see a startling CONTRADICTION ...
A contradication that begs the question ...:confused::confused:
Whom do I believe ...:dontknow:
What is printed by MAN ...:( or by what is written through inspiration by JEHOVAH GOD ...:)
The choice of what to believe is up to YOU ... :huh:
Good afternoon ... now evening ... my dear brothers and sisters ...:D:grouphug:
How beautiful it is to be among such loving and spiritually minded servants of God and followers of Christ Jesus!!:ok::cheer:
With the Memorial of Christ's death approaching ever nearer I thought it might be good to go over an important aspect that most of JW's are sadly ...:crybaby: not aware of ... and what that means for them ...
So ...
WAS Judas Iscariet there for the celebration of the New Covenant arrangement that Jesus inaugerated on his last Passover among us ... and what does it MEAN if he WAS there ...?
First of all one might ask ... is knowing whether Judas was there or not really important? The ultimate answer to that question is a resounding ... YES!!
But as Jehovah's Witnesses, why is there any confusion as to whether he was there or not? Isn't it CLEAR that he was NOT there? Does not our literature teach that is so? And is our literature not based on the BIBLE, Jehovah God's Holy Inspired Word?
We are counseled to MAKE SURE of ALL things ... and to HOLD FAST to what is FINE as is mentioned in 1 Thess.5:21 ...
21 Make sure of all things; hold fast to what is fine.
Various other Bible translations use the word 'good' ... based on the original Greek word kalos which means according to Strong's ...
of uncertain aff.; prop. beautiful, but chiefly (fig.) good (lit. or mor.), i.e. valuable or virtuous :- x better, fair, good (-ly), honest, meet, well, worthy.
Therefore, in order to MAKE SURE of that ALL that we believe is SOLIDLY based on GOD'S WORD ... a word that is GOOD and HONEST and one that we seek to HOLD FAST or HOLD TIGHT on to ... it may be good to examine a bit more closely the question as to whether Judas was present at the institution of the new covenant.
First of all, let us examine what Jehovah's Witnesses are taught and then compare that to with what is written in God's Word ...
If one were to ask any one of Jehovah's Witnesses if Judas was present they would unhesitatingly answer ... OF COURSE NOT ... he was DISMISSED BEFORE the new covenant was celebrated. It was only the FAITHFUL ELEVEN that that partook.
Some articles to back up their thinking would be articles such as ...
w58 7/15 p. 445 par. 17 Beware that You Do Not Lose Your Place!
17 “No man that has put his hand to a plow and looks at the things behind is well fitted for the kingdom of God.†Thus Jesus stated an important principle, namely, it is endurance that wins. Endurance is required of all those who will retain their place in the New World society. “He that has endured to the finish is the one that will be saved.†“Prove yourself faithful even with the danger of death, and I will give you the crown of life.†(Luke 9:62; Matt. 24:13; Rev. 2:10) We once accepting the responsibilities that go with a theocratic appointment, faithfully sticking to that assignment is required. Never be a quitter, for quitters are disapproved by Jehovah and are removed from their places of appointment. Demas was such a quitter, one who forsook his theocratic privileges, simply because “he loved the present system of things.†Judas Iscariot was another quitter and he lost all hope of a return to a place of life. It was after this unfaithful one had been dismissed from the last passover meal that Jesus said to the remaining faithful eleven: “You are the ones that have stuck with me in my trials; and I make a covenant with you, just as my Father has made a covenant with me, for a kingdom.†Since covenant breakers and those “false to agreements,†as quitters, “are deserving of death,†covenant keeping becomes an all-important matter.—2 Tim. 4:10; Luke 22:28, 29; Rom. 1:31, 32.
One thing you may take note of in this particular article is that it is NOT the 'new covenant' that is being spoken of here ... but RATHER ... the KINGDOM COVENANT ... a DIFFERENT covenant for a DIFFERENT purpose!
w98 2/1 p. 8 par. 2 Jehovah Is a God of Covenants
2 It was at this time that, after dismissing Judas Iscariot, Jesus instituted the only annual religious observance commanded for Christians—the Memorial of his death. The record says: “As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant,†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins.’†(Matthew 26:26-28) Jesus’ followers were to memorialize his death in a simple, dignified manner. And Jesus referred to a covenant in connection with his death. In the account in Luke, it is called “the new covenant.â€â€”Luke 22:20.
In this particular article it now is talking about the NEW COVENANT and again reaffirming that Judas WAS dismissed.
w68 10/1 p. 596 Maintaining Balance in Human Relationships
A NEW COMMANDMENT
18 Later, after washing his apostles’ feet and dismissing Judas Iscariot, Jesus again drew attention to the example that he had set, saying to the eleven remaining ones: “I am giving you a new commandment, that you love one another; just as I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this all will know that you are my disciples, if you have love among yourselves.†(John 13:34, 35) As circumcised Jews under the Law covenant, the apostles were already under the command to love their neighbors as themselves. (Matt. 22:39; Lev. 19:18) But now Jesus said that his true followers would be recognized by their demonstrating a more extensive, superior love—in imitation of his example.
Again this article speaks about Judas being dismissed after the apostles feet were washed.
w51 1/15 p. 44 par. 3 “The Lord’s Evening Mealâ€
3 The cup of Jehovah and the table of Jehovah are spoken of in connection with the Lord’s evening meal. Likely you call it “the Lord’s supperâ€. (1 Cor. 11:20) This name designates the special meal which the Lord Jesus set up among his loyal followers on the night in which he was betrayed by Judas Iscariot. One of Jesus’ followers, the apostle Paul, gives it this name in his letter to the Corinthians. Calling attention to their disorderliness about the matter, he writes: “Therefore, when you come together to one place, it is not possible to eat the Lord’s evening meal. . . . For I received from the Lord that which I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was going to be handed over took a loaf and, after giving thanks, he broke it and said: ‘This means my body which is in your behalf. Keep doing this in remembrance of me.’ He did likewise respecting the cup also, after he had the evening meal, saying: ‘This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood. Keep doing this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.’ For as often as you eat this loaf and drink this cup, you keep proclaiming the death of the Lord, until he arrives.â€â€”1 Cor. 11:20-26, NW; also Moffatt’s translation.
By this article saying that only Jesus' LOYAL FOLLOWERS were present for this special meal, the new covenant, would again affirm that Judas, who everyone knows was NOT LOYAL couldn't have been present.
w56 1/15 pp. 48-49 “The Table of Demons†versus “The Table of Jehovahâ€
“THE LORD’S EVENING MEALâ€
14 Four of Jesus’ disciples, Matthew, Mark, Luke and Paul, give us detailed descriptions of what took place then. Matthew was personally there as one of the twelve apostles. Paul received his information about it “from the Lord†by direct revelation. (1 Cor. 11:20, 23) All the accounts differ somewhat in language and in some details, but all unitedly establish the main features. As a faithful Jew according to the flesh, Jesus gave instructions for celebrating the passover at Jerusalem, the holy city where Jehovah had placed his name. (Deut. 16:1-7) With whom did Jesus celebrate this his last passover that night? Not as in previous years with his family, that is, with Mary his earthly mother and with her sons, Jesus’ half brothers. Of course, she and her sons were at Jerusalem for the passover, for the next afternoon Mary was at the torture stake on which Jesus was hanged and he talked to her from it. Her other sons had doubtless brought her up to Jerusalem for the passover. However, as passover celebration groups at Jerusalem were small, generally about ten, Jesus arranged to celebrate this final passover with his twelve apostles. At the table he said to them: “I have greatly desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer; for I tell you, I will not eat it again until it becomes fulfilled in the kingdom of God.†(Luke 22:15, 16, NW) So Jesus had something special in mind for this passover night. What? The setting up of a new supper or evening meal for them.
15 Here is how it proceeded and what Jesus said, according to Matthew, who was there: “As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. But I tell you, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father.’ Finally, after singing praises, they went out to the mount of Olives.â€â€”Matt. 26:26-30, NW.
Now what I find interesting about this particular article is that they leave out the account in JOHN ... also it mentions 12 apostles ... and DOESN'T mention that Judas was dismissed before this special meal began!
w52 2/15 p. 103 par. 8 The Memorial—Are You Entitled to Partake?
8 “And the disciples did as Jesus ordered them, and they got things ready for the passover. When, now, it had become evening, he was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples. . . . As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. But I tell you, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father.’â€â€”Matt. 26:19-29, NW; Mark 14:22-25, Mo.
Again, we see another reference to 12 DISCIPLES being present when the memorial, the new covenant, was instituted by Christ!
w98 2/1 p. 8 Jehovah Is a God of Covenants
Jehovah Is a God of Covenants
“I will conclude with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah a new covenant.â€â€”JEREMIAH 31:31.
ON THE night of Nisan 14, 33 C.E., Jesus celebrated the Passover with his 12 apostles. Since he knew that this would be his final meal with them and that he would soon die at the hands of his enemies, Jesus took advantage of the occasion to explain many important matters to his closest disciples.—John 13:1–17:26.
2 It was at this time that, after dismissing Judas Iscariot, Jesus instituted the only annual religious observance commanded for Christians—the Memorial of his death. The record says: “As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant,†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins.’†(Matthew 26:26-28) Jesus’ followers were to memorialize his death in a simple, dignified manner. And Jesus referred to a covenant in connection with his death. In the account in Luke, it is called “the new covenant.â€â€”Luke 22:20.
This article again reiterates that Judas was dismissed BEFORE the new covenant 'meal' was ate.
w81 4/1 pp. 9-10 Celebrating the Death of the Greatest Man Ever on Earth
Later that same day Jesus’ death on an execution stake and the interment of his corpse in a garden tomb took place. Like the Passover lamb eaten by his apostles the night before, he had died, but not a bone of his body had been broken. (Ex. 12:46; Ps. 34:20) The faithful apostles had been put under obligation to celebrate his death annually on Passover day. After having fulfilled his own obligation under Jewish law of observing the Passover supper with his apostles, Jesus at once instituted among them something to commemorate his death. It came to be called the Lord’s Supper, or Evening Meal. The inspired account of Jesus’ instituting the new supper reads:
“As they continued eating [the Passover supper], Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: ‘Take, eat. This means my body.’ Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: ‘Drink out of it, all of you; for this means my “blood of the covenant,†which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. But I tell you, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father.’ Finally, after singing praises, they went out to the Mount of Olives.â€â€”Matt. 26:26-30.
In connection with the Passover supper, Jesus had dismissed the traitorous disciple, Judas Iscariot.
This article shows that it was only FAITHFUL ONES who celebrated and again spells out clearly that the 'traitorous (clearly not faithful) Judas was dimissed'.
w72 11/15 p. 685 par. 21 Producing the Chief Agent of Divine Rulership
He now set up what is called the Lord’s Supper, and when he handed out the cup of wine to his faithful apostles he said: “This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in your behalf.†(Luke 22:20) Jesus shed his own blood to validate that covenant.
And once more we see that it was only the FAITHFUL APOSTLES who celebrated the 'new coveant' with their Lord and Master, Christ Jesus.
So, with ALL this "EVIDENCE", and with Scriptures being used, it should be CLEAR and without ANY DOUBT that we should ACCURATELY conclude that Judas WASN'T there ...
However, it BEHOOVES us to go to the SOURCE ... JEHOVAH HIMSELF ... to MAKE SURE ...
Let us go back to that sad, and yet important night of Nisan 14, 33 C.E. and see how events unfolded by COMPARING the various accounts in Matthew, Mark, Luke ... AND ...John, some of whom add different details as the night progresses.
One very important thing in doing this comparison is to realize that one of the writers, Luke, wrote the events in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, in the successive order that the events occurred so that WE would KNOW what happened and WHEN it happened on that fateful night. Luke is also the ONLY one of the four gospels to speak about the THREE covenants that were celebrated that night ... the OLD LAW COVENANT (original passover), the NEW COVENANT ... and the KINGDOM COVENANT.
Luke 1:3,4 says of this ...
3 I resolved also, because I have traced all things from the start with accuracy, to write them in logical order to you, most excellent The·oph′i·lus, 4 that you may know fully the certainty of the things that you have been taught orally.
The Greek word used for 'logical order' is kathexes and means as it says in Strong's ...
thereafter, i.e., consecutively; as a noun (by ellip. of noun) a subsequent person or time:- after (-ward), by (in) order.
also taken from the Greek word hexes which means ...
(in the sens of taking hold of, i.e. adjoining); successive:- after, following, x morrow, next
Just to be CLEAR ...
The dictionary meaning for the word 'consecutive' is ...
Following in uninterrupted succession; successive; Characterized by logical sequence.
The dictionary meaning for the word 'successive' is ...
Following in sequence; consecutive
So, now, let us start off with how the evening BEGAN ...
Matt. 26:20 ...
20 When, now, it had become evening, he was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples.
Mark 14:17...
17 After evening had fallen he came with the twelve.
Luke 22:14-17 ...
14 At length when the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them: “I have greatly desired to eat this passover with YOU before I suffer; 16 for I tell YOU, I will not eat it again until it becomes fulfilled in the kingdom of God.†17 And, accepting a cup, he gave thanks and said: “Take this and pass it from one to the other among yourselves; 18 for I tell YOU, From now on I will not drink again from the product of the vine until the kingdom of God arrives.â€
Here we see the PASSOVER being celebrated by the 12 apostles ...
IMMEDIATELY AFTER the passover celebration Jesus instituted the celebration of the NEW COVENANT ... and this is even in harmony with one of earlier quoted Watchtower articles ...
w81 4/1 pp. 9-10 Celebrating the Death of the Greatest Man Ever on Earth
After having fulfilled his own obligation under Jewish law of observing the Passover supper with his apostles, Jesus at once instituted among them something to commemorate his death. It came to be called the Lord’s Supper, or Evening Meal.
Now here is where it begins to get INTERESTING ... when you are trying to sort it out ... a MAJOR bit of PRAYER will HELP here ...
Since LUKE is written in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER ... I thought it would perhaps be best to put what comes NEXT here so you can see the WHEN events occurred in more concise manner ... (hopefully)
This is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT in understanding the TIMING of events on this night and PROVING whether or not Judas was there for the institution of the 'new covenant' ...
Luke 22:19-27 ...
19 Also, he took a loaf, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them, saying: “This means my body which is to be given in YOUR behalf. Keep doing this in remembrance of me.†20 Also, the cup in the same way after they had the evening meal, he saying: “This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in YOUR behalf.
21 “But, look! the hand of my betrayer is with me at the table. 22 Because the Son of man is going his way according to what is marked out; all the same, woe to that man through whom he is betrayed!†23 So they started to discuss among themselves the question of which of them would really be the one that was about to do this.
24 However, there also arose a heated dispute among them over which one of them seemed to be greatest. 25 But he said to them: “The kings of the nations lord it over them, and those having authority over them are called Benefactors. 26 YOU, though, are not to be that way. But let him that is the greatest among YOU become as the youngest, and the one acting as chief as the one ministering. 27 For which one is greater, the one reclining at the table or the one ministering? Is it not the one reclining at the table? But I am in YOUR midst as the one ministering.
Here we see that the new covenant was NOW INSTITUTED by Christ Jesus in verses 19,20 ... and WHO DO WE SEE WAS STILL THERE ...?
Look again at what it says in verse 21 ...
21 “But, look! the hand of my betrayer is with me at the table.
Did you notice that this statement as being said AFTER the new covenant had been FINISHED ...
After Luke records that Jesus says that his 'betrayer', Judas, is WITH THEM at the table after they celebrated the new covenant ... what happens NEXT as is mentioned in verse 23 ...?
23 So they started to discuss among themselves the question of which of them would really be the one that was about to do this.
Now, we can clearly see that it was AFTER the new covenant was celebrated that Jesus had said that one of the disciples would betray him, and that the disciples began asking who among them would do such a thing, they also had an argument about who would be greatest, (an ongoing 'concern' of theirs), he identified the betrayer as the one who would dip his morsel, and Jesus says to Judas that he is the one who would betray him.
Now though ... is this in HARMONY with the OTHER accounts ...?
Now let's take a peek at the other accounts and we can get a wee bit more information that will help to PROVE that Judas was indeed AT the new covenant celebration and celebrated it along with the rest ...
If we go back to Matthew WHEN did this discussion take place about who would be the one to betray Christ Jesus and WHAT did Judas do WITH Jesus and the common bowl ...?
Matt. 26:21-25 ...
21 While they were eating, he said: “Truly I say to YOU, One of YOU will betray me.†22 Being very much grieved at this, they commenced each and every one to say to him: “Lord, it is not I, is it?†23 In reply he said: “He that dips his hand with me in the bowl is the one that will betray me. 24 True, the Son of man is going away, just as it is written concerning him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been finer for him if that man had not been born.†25 By way of reply Judas, who was about to betray him, said: “It is not I, is it, Rabbi?†He said to him: “You yourself said [it].â€
Mark 14:18-21 ...
18 And as they were reclining at the table and eating, Jesus said: “Truly I say to YOU, One of YOU, who is eating with me, will betray me.†19 They started to be grieved and to say to him one by one: “It is not I, is it?†20 He said to them: “It is one of the twelve, who is dipping with me into the common bowl. 21 True, the Son of man is going away, just as it is written concerning him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been finer for that man if he had not been born.â€
John 13:4,21,22,26 ...
4 got up from the evening meal and laid aside his outer garments. And, taking a towel, he girded himself. So, here we see so far that the annual Passover is in progress and ALL of the apostles are with Jesus, sharing the meal together and Jesus makes mention of the fact that ONE of them will betray him.
21 After saying these things, Jesus became troubled in spirit, and he bore witness and said: “Most truly I say to YOU, One of YOU will betray me.†22 The disciples began to look at one another, being at a loss as to which one he was saying [it] about. 23 There was reclining in front of Jesus’ bosom one of his disciples, and Jesus loved him.
26 Therefore Jesus answered: “It is that one to whom I shall give the morsel that I dip.†And so, having dipped the morsel, he took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Is·car′i·ot.
Now since we KNOW Luke was recorded in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER ... and he spoke about the same discussions as Matthew, Mark and John when they wrote about Jesus' betrayer at the table, and the apostles questioning who that betrayer would be as having occurred AFTER the new covenant was celebrated is there another piece we can add to the puzzle to help clear up WHEN Judas left ...
Notice what is said at John 13:26,27 as to the TIMING of WHEN Judas was asked by Christ Jesus to LEAVE and IMMEDIATELY AFTER he did WHAT ...
26 Therefore Jesus answered: “It is that one to whom I shall give the morsel that I dip.†And so, having dipped the morsel, he took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Is·car′i·ot. 27 And after the morsel then Satan entered into the latter. Jesus, therefore, said to him: “What you are doing get done more quickly.â€
And John also helps us to further understand the timing of events and that Judas went out IMMEDIATELY after he received the morsel ... the very morsel that the other writers clearly show he ate during the discussion that took place about the betrayer at the table and who he was to be ... and which discussion took place AFTER the new covenant was inaugurated.
John 13:28-30 ...
28 However, none of those reclining at the table knew for what purpose he said this to him. 29 Some, in fact, were imagining, since Judas was holding the money box, that Jesus was telling him: “Buy what things we need for the festival,†or that he should give something to the poor. 30 Therefore, after he received the morsel, he went out immediately. And it was night.
Now ANOTHER important question to consider is ...
Was there a covenant made between the FAITHFUL apostles and Jesus that Judas was NOT at ...?
Yes indeed!
For going back to Luke 22:28-30 we see ANOTHER covenant mentioned by Christ Jesus.
28 “However, YOU are the ones that have stuck with me in my trials; 29 and I make a covenant with YOU, just as my Father has made a covenant with me, for a kingdom, 30 that YOU may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones to judge the twelve tribes of Israel.
Yes, Judas COULDN'T have been at this institution of the KINGDOM COVENANT ... for he had NOT STUCK WITH JESUS had he ...
Also, of note in the inaugueration of the KINGDOM covenant ... VERY DIFFERENT from the NEW covenant ... do we see the REPASSING of the EMBLEMS ...?
No ... just Jesus making a promise or covenant with his faithful 11 apostles that they would rule with him in his heavenly kingdom.
Yes, the NEW COVENANT was for the FORGIVENESS OF SINS ... while the KINGDOM COVENANT was for ruling kings and priests who would help judge mankind ...
So, WHO desperately needed FORGIVENESS OF SINS ...
Was it not ALL mankind ...? Does not ALL mankind sin ...?
WHO did Jesus DIE FOR ...? Was it for just a chosen few ... the ones who he chose to rule with him in heaven ...? Or was it for ALL of us sinners ... all of those who descended from Adam ... who would be THANKFUL for this sacrifice of Christ Jesus and would put faith in it and in Christ ...?
Matt. 20:28 says of why Jesus came and what his death meant for us ... the shedding of his blood ... the 'blood of the covenant' or the 'new covenant' of which he was mediator between us and Jehovah ...
28 Just as the Son of man came, not to be ministered to, but to minister and to give his soul a ransom in exchange for many.â€
The original Greek for 'many' ... is ALL ... and is translated as such by most other Bibles.
1 Tim. 2:5 ...
5 For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, a man, Christ Jesus, 6 who gave himself a corresponding ransom for all—[this is] what is to be witnessed to at its own particular times.
So now, after sifting through the EVIDENCE ... we see a startling CONTRADICTION ...
A contradication that begs the question ...:confused::confused:
Whom do I believe ...:dontknow:
What is printed by MAN ...:( or by what is written through inspiration by JEHOVAH GOD ...:)
The choice of what to believe is up to YOU ... :huh: